Also called visual/spatial learning, picture thinking, or right brained learning, is the phenomenon of thinking through visual processing.
Visual thinking has been described as seeing words as a series of pictures. It is common in approximately 60%–65% of the general population. "Real picture thinkers", those persons who use visual thinking almost to the exclusion of other kinds of thinking, make up a smaller percentage of the population.
Research by child development theorist Linda Kreger Silverman suggests that less than 30% of the population strongly uses visual/spatial thinking, another 45% uses both visual/spatial thinking and thinking in the form of words, and 25% thinks exclusively in words.
According to Kreger Silverman, of the 30% of the general population who use visual/spatial thinking, only a small percentage would use this style over and above all other forms of thinking, and can be said to be 'true' "picture thinkers".
See Video of Visual Thinker:
What is your thinking style?
(visual, auditory, or kinesthetic)
Know if your:
visual, auditory,kinesthetic
What is your thinking style?
The world is made up of different types of thinkers. We use methods like seeing hearing and feeling to help our thought processes. We use all of these methods, but we are dominate in one or another. If you are speaking in public, or teaching a class, chances are that you had to learn about these types of thinkers: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic.
Visual
When a person that is dominate in using images to think, they see images when they are learning. A visual also learns best when images are shown with topics they are trying to learn about. Sixty percent of the population uses visualization to dominate their thought process.
Auditory
Some people are dominate in hearing (auditory). These are people grasp information best by listening to someone speak, or verbal instructions. It is estimated that about twenty percent of the population is auditory. Sometimes, a person will not look you in the eyes when you are speaking.
While reasons for not looking at you in the eyes can be numerous, sometimes, it is because they are auditory. One clue that someone can be auditory is that they point their ears to you when you are talking. To test this, ask them some questions about what you said, and pay attention.
Kinesthetic
A few others are dominate in feeling (Kinesthetic). A feeler learns best when they have hands on. Many times, a person that is kinesthetic will fiddle with things, like their hair, they twirl their pencil, they are just touching everything. Just because a person is fidgeting when you are speaking, it doesn’t always mean they are ignoring you, or distracted. Pay attention to what the person you suspect is kinesthetic is doing. Do they fidget most when you are speaking about a topic they find interesting? If so, chances are they are taking in what you are telling them. Give a person that is kinesthetic a chance to have hands on.
Questions to ask to determine learning style
To determine someone’s learning style, ask a few questions. When you ask the questions, you can tell they it is not necessary to answer them, just think about the answer to your question. You should pay attention to the direction their eyes move, and take note. If they look mainly up, they are accessing information in the visual area of the brain, and they are visuals. If they look towards their ears, they are accessing the auditory part of their brain, and they are auditory. If they look down, they are accessing the feeling part of their brain, and they are kinesthetic.
Example Video
Remember there are visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. A person that is dominate in visual will look up to access the part of their brain to pull up pictures. A person that is auditory will look towards their ears to access the part of their brain to remember sounds. A person that is kinesthetic will look down to access the part of their brain that feels.
A visual learns or listens best with images. An auditory learns or listens best with listening. A person that is kinesthetic learns or listens best when they have hands on, or they are feeling something.
Internet addiction disorder(IAD) is now more commonly calledproblematic internet use(PIU)orcompulsive internet use(CIU).Other overlapping terms include internet overuse,problematic computer useorpathological computer use– and eveniDisorder.These terms avoid the wordaddictionand are not limited to any single cause, but only reflect a general statement about excessive computer use that interferes with daily life.
IAD was originally proposed as a disorder in a satirical hoax by Ivan Goldberg, M.D., in 1995, though some later researchers have taken his essay seriously. He took pathological gambling as diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) as his model for the description of IAD. IAD receives coverage in the press, and possible future classification as a psychological disorder continues to be debated and researched in the psychiatric community. A systematic review of PIU identified a lack of standardization of the conceptualization of PIU as a major impediment to advancing this area of study.
Other habits such as reading, playing computer games, or watching very large numbers of internet videos or movies are all troubling only to the extent that these activities interfere with normal life. IAD is often divided into subtypes by activity, such as excessive, overwhelming, or inappropriate internet pornography use, gaming, online social networking, blogging, email, or internet shopping. Opponents note that compulsive behaviors may not themselves be addictive.
Internet addiction is a subset of a broader "technology addiction". Obsession with technology started with radio in the 1930s and with television in the 1960s, but has recently exploded in importance during the current digital age.
Causes and effects
Dr. Kimberly S. Young says that prior research links Internet Addiction Disorder with existing mental health issues, most commonly depression. This may be due to the fact that virtual engagements do not stimulate the release of neurotransmitters responsible for feelings of satisfaction and relaxation, such as oxytocin and endorphin, the way real interactions do. Young states that the disorder has significant effects socially, psychologically and occupationally. Addicts were known to use the internet an average of 38 hours a week for nonacademic and non-employment purposes resulting in poor grades among students, discord among couples and reduced work performance.
According to a Korean study into the disorder, pathological use of the internet results in negative life consequences such as job loss, marriage breakdown, financial debt, and academic failure. 70% of internet users in Korea are reported to play online games, 18% of which are diagnosed as game addicts. The authors of the article conducted a study utilising Kimberly Young's questionnaire. The study showed that the majority of those who met the requirements of internet addiction disorder suffered from interpersonal difficulties and stress and that those addicted to online games specifically responded that they hoped to avoid reality.
Dr. Kimberly S. Youngstates that 52% of the respondents to her own study said that they were following recovery programs for other addictions. These included alcoholism, chemical dependency, compulsive gambling, or chronic overeating. These participants could see the same excessive behaviour, the need for a crutch to help them relax, in their use of the Internet, that they had exhibited in prior addictions. Though they believed that Internet addiction was not as serious as alcoholism, they still felt disheartened that a new addiction had substituted for the old one. Young also discusses the findings of Dr. Maressa Hecht-Orzack of McLean Hospital who set up a service for computer and Internet addiction in the spring of 1996. Orzack noted that primarily depression and bi-polar disorder in its depressive swing were co-morbid features of pathological Internet use, along with this Orzack indicated that referrals received were from various clinics throughout the hospital rather than direct self-referrals for Internet addiction.
Determining the cause of excessive internet use as it relates to negative outcomes may require a consideration of moderating factors. For example, excessive use accompanied by the cognitive factor of high preoccupation with the internet (excessive thinking about the internet) has been found to be related to greater amounts of negative outcomes.
A 2009 study suggested that brain structural changes were present in those classified by the researchers as internet addicted, similar to those classified as chemically addicted.
Iris recognition is an automated method of biometric identification that uses mathematical pattern-recognition techniques on video images of the irides of an individual's eyes, whose complex random patterns are unique and can be seen from some distance.
Not to be confused with other, less prevalent, ocular-based technologies, retina scanning and eye printing, iris recognition uses camera technology with subtle infrared illumination to acquire images of the detail-rich, intricate structures of the iris externally visible at the front of the eye. Digital templates encoded from these patterns by mathematical and statistical algorithms allow the identification of an individual or someone pretending to be that individual.[1] Databases of enrolled templates are searched by matcher engines at speeds measured in the millions of templates per second per (single-core) CPU, and with infinitesimally[clarification needed] false match rates.
Many millions of persons in several countries around the world have been enrolled in iris recognition systems, for convenience purposes such as passport-free automated border-crossings, and some national ID systems based on this technology are being deployed. A key advantage of iris recognition, besides its speed of matching and its extreme resistance to false matches, is the stability of the iris as an internal, protected, yet externally visible organ of the eye.
Operating principle
In the case of Daugman's algorithms, a Gabor wavelet transform is used. The result is a set of complex [10] First the system has to localize the inner and outer boundaries of the iris (pupil and limbus) in an image of an eye. Further subroutines detect and exclude eyelids, eyelashes, and specular reflections that often occlude parts of the iris. The set of pixels containing only the iris, normalized by a rubber-sheet model to compensate for pupil dilation or constriction, is then analyzed to extract a bit pattern encoding the information needed to compare two iris images.
numbers that carry local amplitude and phase information about the iris pattern. In Daugman's algorithms, most amplitude information is discarded, and the 2048 bits representing an iris pattern consist of phase information (complex sign bits of the Gabor wavelet projections). Discarding the amplitude information ensures that the template remains largely unaffected by changes in illumination or camera gain (contrast), and contributes to the long-term usability of the biometric template.An iris-recognition algorithm can identify up to 200 identification points including rings, furrows and freckles within the iris.
For identification (one-to-many template matching) or verification (one-to-one template matching), a template created by imaging an iris is compared to stored template(s) in a database. If the Hamming distance is below the decision threshold, a positive identification has effectively been made because of the statistical extreme improbability that two different persons could agree by chance ("collide") in so many bits, given the high entropy of iris templates.
Advantages
The iris of the eye has been described as the ideal part of the human body for biometric identification
for several reasons:
It is an internal organ that is well protected against damage and wear by a highly transparent and cornea). This distinguishes it from fingerprints, which can be difficult to recognize after years of certain types of manual labor. The iris is mostly flat, and its geometric configuration is only controlled by two complementary muscles (the sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae) that control the diameter of the pupil. This makes the iris shape far more predictable than, for instance, that of the face.
sensitive membrane (the
The iris has a fine texture that—like fingerprints—is determined randomly during embryonic gestation. Like the fingerprint, it is very hard (if not impossible) to prove that the iris is unique. However, there are so many factors that go into the formation of these textures (the iris and fingerprint) that the chance of false matches for either is extremely low. Even genetically identical individuals have completely independent iris textures. An iris scan is similar to taking a photograph and can be performed from about 10 cm to a few meters away. There is no need for the person being identified to touch any equipment that has recently been touched by a stranger, thereby eliminating an objection that has been raised in some cultures against fingerprint scanners, where a finger has to touch a surface, or retinal scanning, where the eye must be brought very close to an eyepiece (like looking into a microscope).[12]
The commercially deployed iris-recognition algorithm, John Daugman's Iris Code, has an unprecedented false match rate (better than 10−11 if a Hamming distance threshold of 0.26 is used, meaning that up to 26% of the bits in two Iris Codes are allowed to disagree due to imaging noise, reflections, etc., while still declaring them to be a match).[13]While there are some medical and surgical procedures that can affect the colour and overall shape of the iris, the fine texture remains remarkably stable over many decades. Some iris identifications have succeeded over a period of about 30 years.
The general uses of iris recognition so far have been: substituting for passports (automated international border crossing); aviation security and controlling access to restricted areas at airports; database access and computer login; premises access control; hospital settings including mother-infant pairing in maternity wards; "watch list" screening at border crossings; and it is under consideration for biometrically enabled National Identity Cards.
Security considerations
As with most other biometric identification technology, a still not satisfactorily solved[according to whom?] problem with iris recognition is the problem of live-tissue verification. The reliability of any biometric identification depends on ensuring that the signal acquired and compared has actually been recorded from a live body part of the person to be identified and is not a manufactured template. Many commercially available iris-recognition systems are easily fooled by presenting a high-quality photograph of a face instead of a real face[citation needed], which makes such devices unsuitable for unsupervised applications, such as door access-control systems. The problem of live-tissue verification is less of a concern in supervised applications (e.g., immigration control), where a human operator supervises the process of taking the picture.
Methods that have been suggested to provide some defence against the use of fake eyes and irises include changing ambient lighting during the identification (switching on a bright lamp), such that the pupillary reflex can be verified and the iris image be recorded at several different pupil diameters; analysing the 2D spatial frequency spectrum of the iris image for the peaks caused by the printer dither patterns found on commercially available fake-iris contact lenses; analysing the temporal frequency spectrum of the image for the peaks caused by computer displays.
Other methods include using spectral analysis instead of merely monochromatic cameras to distinguish iris tissue from other material; observing the characteristic natural movement of an eyeball (measuring nystagmus, tracking eye while text is read, etc.); testing for retinal retroreflection (red-eye effect) or for reflections from the eye's four optical surfaces (front and back of both cornea and lens) to verify their presence, position and shape. Another proposed method is to use 3D imaging (e.g., stereo cameras) to verify the position and shape of the iris relative to other eye features.
A 2004 report by the German Federal Office for Information Security noted that none of the iris-recognition systems commercially available at the time implemented any live-tissue verification technology. Like any pattern-recognition technology, live-tissue verifiers will have their own false-reject probability and will therefore further reduce the overall probability that a legitimate user is accepted by the sensor. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Getting stuck in traffic jams on your commute to work could be a thing of the past in the very near future, according to the inventor of a flying car.
The radically styled hybrid has a steel framework and a carbon-fibre body. It runs on standard unleaded petrol and can unfurl its wings in just a few seconds, before taking off at a speed of 130 kilometres an hour.
When the car is on the street, the wings tuck neatly into the vehicle’s body allowing it to fit into a normal-sized parking space.
The AeroMobil stole the show at the recent AeroTech Congress in Canada, even drawing interest from Nasa specialists.
It is the brainchild of Stefan Klein, who has been perfecting his creation for 20 years.
“I wanted to integrate the modern communication technology as well as designer aspects so that the object is attractive and doesn’t look bizarre on the road,” he said.
Its creators hope to get the production version ready for next year. The idea is to eventually offer a range of different models.
Jessica Hickey’s father has been asking for grandchildren since her wedding night — and his response to learning she was pregnant is nothing short of delightful.
Hickey, an only child, made the big reveal while filming her dad opening a gift box with a pacifier and note inside. She posted the video of his reaction to Reddit saying:
Brian Gillespie crashes his Hasport Hondata Insight at El Mirage dry lakes meet Nov 10th, 2013. The safety equipment worked as designed, and he escaped with relatively minor injuries.
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A few others are dominate in feeling (Kinesthetic). A feeler learns best when they have hands on. Many times, a person that is kinesthetic will fiddle with things, like their hair, they twirl their pencil, they are just touching everything. Just because a person is fidgeting when you are speaking, it doesn’t always mean they are ignoring you, or distracted. Pay attention to what the person you suspect is kinesthetic is doing. Do they fidget most when you are speaking about a topic they find interesting? If so, chances are they are taking in what you are telling them. Give a person that is kinesthetic a chance to have hands on. 
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